5 little-known things that are just deadly as smoking, according to science

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Cigarette smoking, one of the least healthy habits out there, is quickly disappearing in the United States.

The rate of American adults who smoke has declined from 42% in 1965 to 15% in 2015.

However, there are a number of risk factors taking its place, many of which stem from people's growing preference for sedentary, isolated lifestyles.

As smoking makes its exit in the US, here are the risk factors science says to keep an eye on.

Loneliness

The growth of social media and waning in-person contact has led Former Surgeon General Vivek Murthy to label loneliness a worldwide epidemic. And it could be lethal.

Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a professor of psychology at Brigham Young University, has found in her research that loneliness reduces people's life spans by the equivalent of smoking 15 cigarettes a day.

Sitting

Sitting all day increases risk for a raft of different cancers, a 2014 study found.

Researchers included in their meta-analyses — the gold-standard for research — data from four million people involving how often they sat to watch TV, do work, and commute.

Each two-hour increase in sitting time upped people's risks for colon, endometrial, and lung cancers, regardless of whether they still exercised during the day.

Sleep loss

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have called sleep deprivation a public health problem, as some 50 to 70 million people in the US have sleep or wakefulness disorder.

Professor Valery Gafarov, of the World Health Organization, noted in 2015 that insufficient sleep raises the risk of stroke and heart attack to similar degrees as regular cigarette use.

"Poor sleep should be considered a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease along with smoking, lack of exercise, and poor diet," he said.

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